example

(at the bottom of this page, click the link "older posts" for the older posts)

I made a video example of how to create and interpret a table , 

and saved the following document (produced with speech recognition -- not totally edited for grammar):

I'm going to read you a list of some types of music. Can you tell me which of the statements comes closest to your feeling about each type of music, do you like it very much, like it, have mixed feelings about it, dislike it, dislike it very much, or do you not know much about it- [easy listening] * your race? Crosstabulation your race? Total other Hispanic White I'm going to read you a list of some types of music. Can you tell me which of the statements comes closest to your feeling about each type of music, do you like it very much, like it, have mixed feelings about it, dislike it, dislike it very much, or do you not know much about it- [easy listening] Dislike it Count 6 36 27 69 % within your race? 6.0% 11.1% 14.8% 11.4% Std. Residual -1.6 -.1 1.4 Dislike it very much Count 1 6 8 15 % within your race? 1.0% 1.9% 4.4% 2.5% Std. Residual -.9 -.7 1.6 Don't know much about it Count 26 113 35 174 % within your race? 26.0% 35.0% 19.1% 28.7% Std. Residual -.5 2.1 -2.4 Like it Count 38 108 58 204 % within your race? 38.0% 33.4% 31.7% 33.7% Std. Residual .7 -.1 -.5 Like it very much Count 5 12 8 25 % within your race? 5.0% 3.7% 4.4% 4.1% Std. Residual .4 -.4 .2 Mixed feelings Count 24 48 47 119 % within your race? 24.0% 14.9% 25.7% 19.6% Std. Residual 1.0 -1.9 1.8 Total Count 100 323 183 606 % within your race? 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Chi-Square Tests
	Value	df	Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	28.209a	10	.002
Likelihood Ratio	28.856	10	.001
Linear-by-Linear Association	.472	1	.492
N of Valid Cases	606
a. 3 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.48.

We can see from this table that there is a statistically significant relationship between race and one's opinion about Easy listening  music .  The significance value is 0.002 , which is below the cutoff of 0.05 .  Looking at the crosstab table, we see that the "mixed feelings" row Is one of the most important , because the residual for Hispanics and the answer of mixed feelings , Which is -1.9 .  This means that Hispanics were less likely than we expected to have mixed feelings about easy listening  music .  Also Whites had a a standardized residual of positive 1.8 for the mixed feelings answer .  This means That Whites were more likely than we expected to have mixed feelings about easy listening.  The standardized residuals also relate to the percentages , in that we can see that Hispanics have an especially low percentage of mixed feelings responses , and whites have an especially high percentage of mixed feelings responses .  Only 14.9% of Hispanics have mixed feelings , while 24% of Others have mixed feelings and 25.7% of whites have mixed feelings .  It appears that whites are likely to have mixed feelings, and Hispanics are not likely to have mixed feelings. 

Another important row in the table is the "dislike it" row.  Here we can see that the other group had a standardized residual of -1.6 .  This means that the other group was less likely than we expected to dislike easy listening music .  Another important standardize residual in this row is the 1.4 for whites .  This means that whites are more likely than we expected to dislike easy listening music.  We can see a similar pattern when we look at the percentages.  6% of others dislike easy listening music.  11.1% of Hispanics dislike easy listening music.  14.8% of whites dislike easy listening music .  Whites are most likely of all race groups to dislike easy listening music, and others are least likely of all race groups two dislike easy listening music . 

Another important row in the table is the dislike it very much row.  Whites have a standardized residual of 1.6 for dislike it very much .  This means that whites were more likely than we expected to dislike it very much .  We can see that also in the percentages .  4.4% of whites dislike easy listening music very much , while only 1.9% of Hispanics dislike it very much , and 1% of others dislike it very much .  It appears that whites are more likely than other race groups to dislike easy listening very much . 

The overall findings in this table showed that whites are the most likely to have mixed feelings , that whites are most likely to dislike and whites are most likely to dislike it very much .  Why are whites more likely than Hispanics or Asians and African Americans to have negative attitudes toward easy listening music?  It is hard to speculate as to why Hispanics an African Americans would report more positive attitudes towards easy listening than whites .  Whites in the U.S. are more likely than African Americans or Hispanics to hold office jobs , where easy listening is most likely played during work time .  Perhaps, whites are more likely to have been exposed to easy listening during work , compared to African Americans and Hispanics, who may have been less likely than whites to have been exposed to easy listening during work.  Perhaps this exposure during work time has led to more negative attitudes toward easy listening music for Whites. 

https://www.dropbox.com/s/vei41gg4qlxfc8h/fall%2014%20spss.mp4?dl=0